Test library › Elbow & forearm
Chair sign (push-up apprehension test)
For: Posterolateral rotatory instability
Laxity of the ligaments on the outside of the elbow that lets the forearm bones rotate and partly slip out of joint, usually after a dislocation or injury.
Not enough published figures to judgeWhat the numbers mean
- Too few published figures to say how much a result changes the picture.
Source
Regan W, Lapner PC. Prospective evaluation of two diagnostic apprehension signs for posterolateral instability of the elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(3):344–346. PubMed · single study
Figures as they will appear in Rule It In, Rule It Out (Trokos, forthcoming). If a newer or better study changes them, this page changes with the book. Figures last updated from the book on 2 October 2026.
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This page gives the published figures. Rule It In, Rule It Out adds how to do this test, what counts as positive, how to read the result, and, where studied, whether combining it with other tests helps.
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Rule It In is a free evidence letter for musculoskeletal clinicians: one recent study explained, one examination test with its real numbers. From Trokos, publisher of Rule It In, Rule It Out.